The History of The Jago's

Gordon Jago Where is he now

Tue, 26 Apr 2011 02:56:00 +0000

Gordon Jago

Gordon’s life has been devoted to the game as a player, coach and administrator. He came to Dallas as Head Coach of the Dallas Sidekicks, leading the team to 3 indoor championships and also earning 3 Coach of the Year Honors. Thereafter, he became Commissioner of the WISL and Executive Director of the highly regarded Dallas Cup.

where are they now famous Jagos

Tue, 26 Apr 2011 02:46:00 +0000

Where are they now - BRIAN JAGO.

AS another renewal of the Derby approaches one lucky stopover for jockeys riding in our premier Classic is a thing of the past.

Though Brian Jago rarely rode in the big race himself, his house in Epsom's Albert Road Albert Road is split into two roads in Hong Kong, namely Upper Albert Road (Chinese: 上亞厘畢道) and Lower Albert Road (下亞厘畢道). was a regular overnight dwelling for many saddlemen that went on to glory the following afternoon.

Now 62 and living in Cheam, Jago recalled: "We were quite popular as we had a sauna and many of the boys stayed with us.

Pat Eddery Patrick James John Eddery, known as Pat Eddery (born 18 March, 1952 in County Kildare) is an Irish former flat racing jockey.

He began his career in 1967 and rode over 4,500 winners, including three wins in the Epsom Derby, and was Champion Jockey on eleven occasions, was with us in 1975 when he won on Grundy, Greville Starkey three years later when he won on Shirley Heights Shirley Heights (1975 -1997) was a British-bred and British-trained Thoroughbred race horse, winner of the Epsom Derby in 1978. He is the only Epsom Derby winner to be both the son of a previous winner (Mill Reef, 1971), and the sire of a subsequent winner (Slip Anchor, 1985). and Walter Swinburn Walter R. Swinburn (born August 7, 1961) is a retired flat racing jockey who competed in Great Britain and Ireland as well as internationally.

Nicknamed the "Choirboy", Swinburn rode his first winner, Paddy's Luck, on July 12, 1978 at Kempton Park but gained considerable was another the year he won on Shergar. Steve Cauthen Steve Cauthen (born May 1, 1960 in Covington, Kentucky) is an American jockey.

Cauthen, the son of a trainer and a farrier, grew up in Walton, Kentucky around horses, which (along with his small size) made race-riding a logical career choice. also came once or twice."

Jago, a popular lightweight until his retiral in the early 1980's, sat on some decent horses during his career including triple champion hurdler Persian War Several wars are termed "Persian" or called simply "the Persian War:"

Greco-Persian Wars

Roman-Persian Wars

Russo-Persian War

Turko-Persian War

Anglo-Persian War

Persian Gulf War

, Gold Rod, Joshua and Welsh Rarebit while his biggest victory came aboard Tom Cribb Tom Cribb (1781-11 May 1848) was an English bare-knuckle boxer of the 19th century, so successful that he became world champion. He is a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame. , in the 1973 Northumberland Plate.

He said: "Tom Cribb was a savage. If he was crowded out, he'd think nothing of grabbing another horse or a jockey for that matter.

"Though he was only tiny, he carried some big weights. he had plenty of ability but he was a dirty little devil."

Like many pilots of his era, Jago often found himself 'jocked' off by Lester Piggott and the 'Long Fellow' eventually secured the ride on Tom Cribb when injury dealt its cruel hand of fate.

"I got badly smashed up in a fall at Sandown in 1974 and the owners asked Lester to ride him at Ascot.

While I was laid up in hospital Lester phoned me to find out all about the horse and I told him everything he needed to know - needless to say they won."

Injuries, such as broken pelvis, foot and hand, were a regular part of Jago's life which saw him ply his trade in exotic locations such as Kenya, Mauritius, South Africa and Singapore.

Despite his spells on the sidelinesOn the sidelines

An investor who decides not to invest due to market uncertainty.

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on the sidelines

Of or relating to investors who, having assessed the market, have decided to avoid committing their funds.

..... Click the link for more information. he still bagged many decent prizes including the Liverpool Spring Cup, the Newbury Spring Cup, the Champagne Stakes and the November Handicap.

In the twilight of his time in the saddle, Jago enjoyed a fruitful relationship with Pat Haslam before he embarked on a new career building house extensions and conservatories.

Nowadays his weight may be just over nine stones but his connection with racing is all but severed and he has lost touch with most of his weighing-room contempories.

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Mon, 27 Dec 2010 04:07:00 +0000

THREAT TO A CUSTOMS-MAN 25 December 1812

Custom-House, London, December 1812. Whereas it has been represented to the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Customs, that a threatening letter was on the 28th inst, received by Joseph Platt, an officer of the Customs, at the port of Falmouth, of which the following is a copy:— “Pray to God to forgive you, Joseph Platt, your doom is fixed as Perceval [the recently assassinated Prime Minister], received his death by a ball, so you shall fall. Your late proceedings with the packets, has driven me to despair, & ere I leave this earth, my determination is fixed to put an end to your wicked and cruel existence, unless you discontinue your committing such robberies as you and your crew has perpetrated for some time past. I give you, J. Platt, to consider of this as above until 30th March 1813, my dear. friend although my cruel enemy, and my mien, for the sake of your soul, pray to Jesus to forgive you, I say again your fate is fixed. A friend to the community, Falmouth 28th Nov. 1812.”

The said commissioners of His Majesty’s Customs, in order to bring to justice the person who wrote or sent the said letter, are hereby pleased to offer a reward of fifty pounds to any person or persons who shall discover and apprehend or cause to be discovered and apprehended the person or persons who wrote the said letter. . .

THE MAYOR OF ST. MAWES 23rd April 1813.

Sir, I hope you will allow me, through the medium of your paper, to call the attention of the public to the very great hardship and oppression which the tradesmen of Falmouth endure, in consequence of a new mode of procedure adapted by the officers of the Customs at that [They] layholdon various articles of British manufacture, not otherwise liable to be detained because they are suspicious that there is cause to suspect that they are destined for the packet trade.. . Mr. Williamson had a parcel of goods of British manufacture on board his own boat; the worshipful Mr. Jago, Mayor of the respectable borough of St. Mawes, and an officer of his Majesty’s Customs, took it into his head, that it would be for the benefit of the revenue or of some body connected with it, to seize the boat and what it contained; so he followed Mr. Williamson, who had landed at Trefusis Point, and put the broad arrow upon the boat and its contents. Seeing that Mr. Williamson, who had left the boat, and was proceeding from the beach, had a box under his arm, one of his worship’s men followed him, and seizing upon him with the grasp of a highwayman, he cried in the tone of one of that fraternity; “d - - n you deliver what you have.” This exclamation was followed by a struggle, in which Mr. Williamson was I compelled by force to resign to the mayor of St. Mawes, a very valuable box of British jewelry. But the most extraordinary part of the business is, that this box never reached the Custom-house; mind, Sir, I can’t say how this has happened; his worship may have lost or mislaid it; I dare say it will be found yet. . . Yours etc. Job. Thornberry. “. [The mayor and his co-officers, having been indicted for assault settled the matter out of court by the payment of compensation.

CADGWITH SMUGGLERS PRESS-GANGED 26 July 1816

The Hind revenue cutter sent into Falmouth on Tuesday last a boat belonging to Cadgwith, having on board 50 ankers of spirits. Four men, who were on board the smuggler, have been taken to Plymouth for the purpose of being put on board the fleet about to sail under Lord Exmouth, against the Algerines.

[This fleet, of 25 ships, sailed from Plymouth with the purpose of bomb’ barbing Algiers in an endeavour to put an end to the depredations of Barbary pirates and the seizure of men from British ships for slavery. Fortunately for the four smugglers, the expedition was a total success, and it is probable that eventually they returned to England.]

FRENCH SMUGGLERS IN LOOE . 23 August 1816.

On Thursday last a small French vessel was observed to be nearly on shore, not far from Looe harbour; happily by the exertions of persons belonging to the port, she was got in safely.. . The vessel is chiefly laden with fruit, and having entered it at the Custom-house at Looe, a great part of the cargo was speedily disposed of. The custom-house officers took particular notice of twelve elegantly formed toys, in the shape of horses, the bodies of which were about four inches in diameter; and on handling them, they were led to suppose that they were more valuable than they appeared to be. Accordingly, one of them was emboweled, which led to a similar examination of the rest. The result was, the finding of 51 pair of silk stockings and 9 silk shawls which had been carefully secreted in the bodies of these elegant play-things. The King’s broad arrow has been placed on the vessel and cargo, in consequence of this unlucky discovery

ASSAULT ON THE ST. IVES CUSTOMS MEN 5 January 1816

Custom-house, London, 4th December 1815. Whereas it has been represented to the Commissioners of His Majesty’s Customs, that in the night of the 23rd day of November last, Richard Hosking, sitter of the preventive boat in the service of the Customs, stationed at the port of St. Ives, in the county of Cornwall, seized on shore within the said port, between two hundred and three hundred casks of smuggled spirits; after which, the said Richard Hosking and his assistants were violently assaulted, and obstructed by a great number of smugglers unknown, who rescued and carried away the said goods.

The Commissioners of His Majesty’s Customs, in order to bring the offenders to justice, are hereby pleased to offer a reward of £200 to any person or persons who shall discover and apprehend, or cause to be discovered and apprehended, any one or more of the said offenders, to be paid by the Collector of Customs at the port of St. Ives, upon conviction.

THE PREVENTIVE MEN OF MEVAGISSEY 25 May 1821

During a very heavy gale on Tuesday afternoon, 15 or 16 large fish of the species called grampus were driven on shore at Mevagissey. Several of them measured from 15 to 20 feet in length. A vast number of them appeared in the bay, and being observed by the persons engaged in the preventive service, were mistaken for a raft of kegs of smuggled spirits which the gale had torn from their moorings, at the bottom, and which were floating and driving about on the surface. Under this idea and in the hope of obtaining a rich prize, the boats were manned and put out, regardless of the tremendous seas then going. Having ascertained their mistake, they were on their return, when one of the boats unfortunately upset; and of seven men who were aboard, three, named Johnson, Clarke and Partridge, were unfortunately drowned; the others were picked up by the boats in company.

HORSES LADEN WITH SMALL CASKS . 2 July 1824

In the night of Saturday the 29th ultimo, James Sturgess, Chief Officer, James Farrow and George Kingston, boatmen all belonging to the preventive boat in the service of the Customs, stationed at Polperro, in the county of Cornwall, were out on duty for the prevention of smuggling and saw near Trelawney Gate, in the parish of Pelynt, in the said county, five or six horses laden with small casks, and guarded by several smugglers, upon which the said boatmen immediately made towards them, and upon one of them coming up to them, he was struck a violent blow on the head with a stick, by one of the said party of smugglers, but succeeded in seizing and securing from them two casks of foreign rum spirits; that the said smugglers threatened further violence, but on the other two boatmen coming up, they galloped off and made their escape

INFERIOR BRITISH BRANDY. 10 October 1828

Last week, a man named John Curgenven met with some officers of the Customs at Truro, and offered to sell them smuggled tobacco and French brandy, part of a cargo which he said he had landed. He produced three quarts in two jars and a bladder, as samples, for which he asked 245. per gallon, and said he could supply them with any quantity. Upon this they took him into custody, and on searching his person, found upon him a small measure and a funnel; he was kept in charge until the following morning, and taken before the Collector, who examined him and also the spirits seized, and found that the French brandy, for which he had asked 24s. per gallon, was British brandy of a very inferior quality, which he had purchased at one of the taps in Truro, the same day, at 35. 3d. per quart; in this manner the lovers of that precious article are nine times out of ten duped.

[Curgenven was incautious in approaching strangers thus, although virtually everyone in Cornwall, directly or indirectly, was associated with smuggling, and approved of it. In fact, while it was illegal to land contraband, to sell smuggled goods was not.]

SEIZED OFF CAWSAND 10th July 1829

On Saturday evening last, about eight o’clock, Mr. Foot, of the preventive waterguard, at Cawsand, captured a sprit sail boat, called the Five Sisters, belonging to Cawsand, with 98 tubs of foreign brandy and geneva on board, together with three men and a boy. The boat was first discovered by one of the preventive men on the look out from the bill, and conceiving her to be suspicious, he informed Mr. F. of the circumstance, when the latter accompanied by four men well armed took one of the pilot boats from the bay, and proceeded towards the boat in the offing. The smugglers did not suspect the persons in the pilot boat of any design on them until they were close to them; but on perceiving who the intended visitants were, they immediately crowded all sail, to effect their escape. This they were likely to effect when the preventive men showed their colours and commenced firing musketry at the smugglers. The seventh shot fired cut away the sprit-sail halliards, when the main-sail fell, and the pursuers came alongside and secured the boat with its cargo and crew

CONTRABAND IN A ST. JUST MINE. 19 February 1830

The men on the preventive service at St. Just, near the Land’s End, aided by a party from the Dove revenue cutter, last week seized 173 tubs if spirits and 20 tubs of tobacco, which had been landed from a cutter, and hidden in a shaft of a mine at that place. During the search, one of the preventive men named White, fell from a plank into a shaft of the mine and was killed on the spot. The deceased was a native of St. Just, and led the party to the place where the seizure was effected.

SMUGGLING NEAR PORTREATH 2 April 1830

On Monday morning, 48 tubs of brandy and 16 tubs of gin, were lodged in the St. Ives custom-house stores, by the coast guard stationed at Portreath. The spirits were captured the preceding night together with a boat... It appears the boat came from a small sloop rigged vessel which was seen on Sunday hovering off the coast, and the persons on board were in the act of landing the cargo within Hell Bay, about 3 miles west of Portreath, and which is bounded by terrific cliffs, termed Hell’s Mouth. Mr. Mortly, the officer of the Portreath preventive guard, with three of his men descended these cliffs at the imminent hazard of their lives, as a single false step would have precipitated them down the precipice, which is about 50 fathoms in height, and at the foot of it they came upon the smugglers, when the boat, her cargo and two of the crew were secured. It appears the smugglers had resolved on making a desperate resistance, as two of the preventive guard who had been at Hayle, and were proceeding to join Mr. Mortly and his party, were encountered near the summit of the cliffs by eight smugglers, who were armed. Shots were exchanged and the preventive men were overpowered, one of them named Rice, having received a ball in the thigh. Rice lies ill at Gwithian, to which place he was carried, and is under the care of Mr. Angove, surgeon, of Hayle, by whom the ball has been extracted.

A FIGHT WITH SMUGGLERS . 3 April 1835

As Captain G. Peirce, R.N., inspecting commander of the coast guard on the Fowey station, was on the look out, with some of his men, on Saturday night, they discovered a large body of smugglers evidently engaged in conveying contraband spirits from the shore. . . The body of smugglers, who were armed with clubs, exceeded 100 men, but they were attacked at different times, .then after some desperate struggles, ten of the smugglers and 118 tubs of spirits were captured... In the encounters between the parties, one of the coast-guard and several of the smugglers were severely wounded; some of the latter were taken off by their companions on horseback, and conveyed from the coast

Scilly - 3rd June 1836

Several petty seizures of spirits have lately been made, by the Preventive Coast Guard, on the Islands of St. Mary’s and St. Agnes, in consequence (as is understood) of private information. Two of the St. Agnes pilot-boats, named the "Champion" and the "Exmouth",

have likewise been seized and detained, which will occasion distress of no ordinary kind to the inhabitants of that Island.

On Tuesday in Whitsun-week (being holiday time) a number of young persons at St. Mary's got an effigy prepared, which they paraded through the town and country, preceded by a flag, a bell, and music; and followed by a merry group of boys and girls, amidst much jeering and laughter by the by-standers, which continued until the figure "made an illustrious exit in flames", according to the common custom in such cases made and provided.

On the same day the "juveniles" of St. Agnes wished to treat themselves and others with a somewhat similar exhibition, but they were interrupted by some preventative men (who had been "armed" in expectation of a riot) and who, with drawn swords and pistols, attacked some and pursued others of the "merry-makers" which gave the affair an aspect rather serious. No real mischief, however, ensued; and on the following day "the party" was allowed to carry, and burn, their effigy in quietness, as originally intended. The two offending preventive men were subsequently convicted before the magistrates at St. Mary's, on two different charges of assault, and ordered to pay ten shillings each.

Smuggling at Penpoll June 24th 1836

In consequence of information having been received at the Customs House in this town, J. S.Stansmore, Esq. the Collector, and F. Hingston, Esq. the Comptroller, proceeded on Friday last, to Penpoll Wood, about two miles down our river, where they found secreted in a cove about sixty kegs of smuggled spirits, which were safely lodged in the Customs-House. It is generally supposed that large quantities of contraband spirits have, from time to time, been landed in this wood, and from thence carried into different parts of the county.

Kynance June 24th 1836

On Wednesday evening last, the Coast Guard at Kynance, captured about 50 tubs of contraband spirits on the beach. They also found a boat and two men in it at Gilling, which was seen near the spot but a few hours before; but as there was not sufficient evidence to commit the men or warrant the detention of the boat, they were set at liberty.

GORAN HAVEN July 23rd 1836

On Monday last, 100 tabs of contraband spirits and glass, were crept up, off the Deadman, by the "Fox" Revenue crazier, in conjunction with Mr. Bolt, chief officer of the station at that place, and were taken the same day to the Custom-House at Fowey.

Smuggling At Falmouth 6 August 1836

A boatman, named Rowe, of Falmouth, has been committed to Bodmin for six months, for having been found with some smuggled tobacco in his possession.

Smuggling: 4th November 1836

Smuggling - On Monday night last, a boat belonging to the "Dove" cutter, at Falmouth, captured a waterman's boat, with a bale of tobacco of about 156 pounds, and a young man with it, who says he was only a passenger. The men are committed to the town prison, till an answer from the Board of Customs is received.

AUCTION - 20th JANUARY 1837

PORT OF TRURO - By order of the Honorable Commissioners of His Majesty's Customs - On Friday the 3rd of February, 1837, at Eleven o'clock in the Forenoon, will be exposed to PUBLIC SALE, at the Custom-House in this Port, the BROKEN UP HULL of the Brig MERCURY, of London - Seized and condemned for having been employed in smuggling; together with the Sails, Ropes, Masts, Yards, Boat, and all the other Materials belonging to the said Vessel. Also, about 130 Gallons of FOREIGN BRANDY, the greater part nearly proof; twenty-two oars and one Mast. The Goods may be viewed at the Custom-House, on the day of Sale and on the day Before. Custom-House, Truro, January 20 1837

THE PENALTY OF SMUGGLING 20 January 1837

On Friday the 3rd of February ... will be exposed to public sale, at the Custom-house, at this Port [Truro] the Broken-up-hull of the Brig Mercury, of London, seized and condemned for having been employed in smuggling; together with the Sails, Ropes, Masts, Yards, Boat, and all the other Materials belonging to the said Vessel. Also, about 130 Gallons of Foreign Brandy, the greater part nearly proof; Twenty-two oars; one mast.

Merit rewarded October 6, 1837

The French Government has presented Mr. Buckett, Searcher and Landing Waiter of the Customs, Falmouth, with a gold medal, in acknowledgment of his meritorious services in rendering assistance to certain French vessels, wrecked in 1830, at Port Holland beach, within that port. The medal is very handsome. On one side of it is a head of King Louis Philippe, beautifully executed; on the reverse is the following inscription: - “A. Buckett, Nicholas Martin, officer Des Douanes D’Angleterce – Courage et Devouement Pour Secourir Les Equipages De Navires Francois Saufrages 1830.” The Lords of the Treasury,in transmitting the medal to the Board of Customs, express their satisfaction that the conduct of Mr. Buckett on the occasion was such as to produce this mark of approbation; and the Board of Customs in forwarding the same to Falmouth with a copy of the Treasury Letter, are also pleased to express their satisfaction. Mr. B., (we believe), received some time ago the thanks of the Russian Government for [his] meritorious and successful exertions in the case of the Russian brig St. Nicholas, which vessel was wrecked at Port Holland

beach at the same time as the French vessels before alluded to. It is but right to observe that the services rendered on this occasion were no doubt prompted by zeal for the benefit of the Customs Revenue, [th]ey will probably not be lost sight of by the heads of [that] department. Mr. Jonathan Bolt and Mr. Reginald [Ba]rrett, officers of the Coast Guard, have also received [fro]m the French Government, silver medals, for their meritorious exertions on the occasion of the loss of the … vessels above mentioned.

SeizurE 10 Nov. 1837

On Friday last, the "Fox", revenue cutter, in conjunction with the Coast Guard station at Goran Haven, crept up 79 tubs of brandy, near the Deadman.

SmugglinG - 10 nov. 1837

On Tuesday last, George Sampson, and John Jaikes, watermen at Falmouth, were taken in the act of landing some contraband articles at that port, and were committed to the town gaol to await an answer from the Board of Customs, to the report of their case which has been forwarded.

SMUGGLING - 19th OCTOBER 1838

The two men that were captured and brought in to St. Ives last week, in the smuggling cutter “Mermaid” of Plymouth, by the Coast Guard at St. Agnes, were convicted on Wednesday, and sent to the treadmill, Penzance, for six moths.

Seizure 21 Dec. 1838

The French schooner "La Vigilance," a Roseoff, has been seized with ninety-two tubs of contraband spirits on board, and a crew of six Frenchmen and two Englishmen, off Eartus Island, near Newquay, by Mr. John Tanner, of the coast-guard station, St. Agnes. The crew are in charge of the officers and the spirits are lodged in the custom-house, St. Ives.

GAOLER'S REPORT - 4th JANUARY 1839

The GAOLER's REPORT stated that there was nothing connected with the discipline or health of the prison that called for any remark. The gaoler felt it his duty, however, to report that there were no fewer than nine men in prison committed from St. Ives for smuggling, and of these, only three had been sentenced to labour. The others remained indoors. He felt it necessary to bring this subject before the magistrates, as there was an order from Government for the payment of 6d. a day for the maintenance of persons imprisoned at the suit of that department of the revenue. No allowance was made except the sentence was not to hard labour. It seemed reasonable that on proper application orders should be given for payment of a similar allowance to all crown prisoners, and he begged to observe that the Government did so in some instances. The return of prisoners was 91 men, 16 women, total 107. The rules and regulations of the gaol had been complied with.

SMUGGLING 15th February 1839

On Wednesday last, John Lowry, shopkeeper, Falmouth, was summoned by the Board of Excise to appear before John Ellis, Esq., mayor, and W.H. Bond and T. Hill, Esqrs. magistrates, to answer a charge preferred against him, of having in his house in October, 1838, 7 lbs of negro-head tobacco, the same being smuggled. The prisoner was defended by W. J. Genn, Esq., and the defence set up was, that the notice was informal and imperfect, and also that the wife of the said John Lowry was the person on whom they should have served the notice, as the count set forth that the said John Lowry did knowingly conceal, &c., when it was clearly proved by the witnesses for the Crown that the husband was not present. The prisoner's counsel moved for an adjournment to allow time for calling witnesses, and the further hearing was put off to that day fortnight. The penalty sued for was GBP 100.

BRANDY UNDER A COAL CARGO 24 May 1839

On Wednesday week, the schooner Marie Vicioire, Capt. Barnett, laden with coals, entered Falmouth Harbour, where she was boarded by one of the preventive men, named Bright, who, as she had long been a suspected vessel, remained with her while she was unloading her cargo, off Malpas. Bright suspected there was something wrong, but the sailors conducted themselves in such a careless and unaffected manner, as to very much shake those suspicions. On Saturday, when a great part of the coal was cleared out, Bright commenced boring in different parts of the vessel, and at length sent his gimlet into a cask of brandy. He immediately sent after the seamen who had gone on shore, but they had effected their escape. The vessel was then brought up to Truro Quay, where she underwent an examination, and it was found that she had a false bottom, and that she was well stored with spirits. On Sunday, the officers began to remove their booty, which amounted to 276 tubs of brandy and geneva; and the vessel, which was registered in the name of Mr. Jago, of Redruth, is now being cut up.

SMUGGLING - 18th OCTOBER 1839

SMUGGLING - On Sunday morning last, H. M. cutter "Sylvia" commanded by Lieut. Brewer, captured an Irish craft, near the Land's end, having on board 400 tubs of brandy, and four men, and brought them into Penzance pier.

SMUGGLING DETECTED - 27th DECEMBER 1839

On Saturday morning, Mr. H. C. Turner, and Mr. Edmund Randall, two vigilant and active officers, the first of the Excise, and the other of the Customs, having some cause to suspect that contraband goods were brought into town by the stage vans coming from St. Austell, Tregony, and other places near the south coast, took their station about a mile out, on the eastern turnpike road, and carefully searched all the vans as they arrived. Among these was one belonging to a man called Nicholas Fugler, of Tregony, in which they found a keg of French brandy, concealed in a hamper with a little straw on top of it. Upon this they seized the van and all it contained, together with the van horse, and drove off to the Customs house, carrying Fugler with them in custody. The goods were quickly secured in the Queen's warehouse, and the horse and van properly disposed of; while Fugler was taken before the Mayor, who, on hearing the case, remanded him until Friday, agreeably to the Act of Parliament, to afford time for the receipt of orders from the Board of Customs, as to the further proceedings against him. Such of the goods found in the van as belonged to innocent persons, will, no doubt, be restored to their owners.

AN INFORMER AT TREGONY 10 January 1840

On Wednesday evening last, a mob assembled in the street at Tregony, with bundles of reeds and faggots of wood, in order to burn the effigy of Mrs. Rundle, who has been most unjustly accused of giving information against Fugler, the person who has been committed to prison for six months, for having been detected with a keg of contraband spirits in his van: but the rabble was soon dispersed and driven out of the town, by one of the constables acting under the orders of the mayor.

SMUGGLING - September 18, 1840

On Monday last, a boat belonging to the Royal Tar, Peninsular steamer, was seized, by order of the Honourable Board of Customs, in consequence of some contraband goods having been found in her on her arrival at that port on the 5th instant. An order had been received to secure four of the seamen, but they were discharged in London. In the course of the afternoon, two of the men arrived in the Dublin steamer, Devonshire, and were conveyed to the town prison to be kept till Tuesday next, when an answer from the board might be expected. One of them, named Richard TRANICK, sought for a hearing; and, on Wednesday, he was brought to the Town-hall, before S. BLIGHT, Esq., mayor, and J. ELLIS, Esq., magistrate, when, the witness not being certain of his identity, he was discharged. The other man, named Andrew FRANCIS, remains in custody.

SMUGGLING SEPTEMBER 28, 1840

On Tuesday last, a seaman named Andrew FRANCIS, one of the two belonging to

the Royal Tar, Peninsular steamer, who were taken for smuggling, was

brought to the town-hall, Falmouth, before the bench, and on the case being

proved, was fined one hundred pounds, or, in default, six months

imprisonment. The fine not being paid, the man was committed to the town

prison.

DARING ROBBERTY AT THE HELFORD CUSTOM HOUSE SEPTEMBER 28, 1840

Early on Firday morning, the 18th instant, H.M. Custom-house at Helford,

within the Port of Gweek, was attacked by a body of men, consisting, it is

supposed, of upwards of thirty persons, who broke open the heavy doors and

strong locks, and robbed the cellars of 126 kegs of contraband Brandy, each

keg containing four gallons and a half of spirits, which was seized on the

3rd instant, at Coverack. The burglars commenced their work about one

oclock, and in the course of half an hour succeeded in removing all the

kegs except three, which they left for the benefit of the officers at

Helford. The man and his wife who live at the custom house heard the men

breaking open the cellar doors, but were afraid to give an alarm, which

indeed, they could not well do, as the custom house is a remote building

nearly three quarters of a mile from any house. From the tracks of wheels,

it is supposed there were at least three wagons employed in removing the

spirits, and it is probable that the property has found its way to some

distance from Manaccan.

SMUGGLING - 17th MAY 1850

On Friday last, two young women named ROSKILLY, were charged with smuggling, before Mr BROAD, may and Lieut HILL, magistrate at the Town Hall, Falmouth. Mr ??? appeared for the prosecution, and Mr GENN??? for the defendant. The first case was against the eldest sister, but the evidence failed, and the complaint was dismissed. The case against the youngest sister was then gone into. Witnesses deposed to searching the house and shop of the defendants, and on following Roskilly upstairs, one of the witnesses picked up a bag containing five pounds of Cavendish tobacco. There appeared some doubt as to the identity of the bag, but it was quite clear that tobacco was not such as was duty paid, and the bench convicted the defendant; as it was the first offence they mitigated the fine for £100 to £25. The money was about to be paid, but the young woman said it should not be done, as the informer would have half the amount; rather than that she would stay six months in prison. She was the committed.

SMUGGLING - 14th JUNE 1850

SMUGGLING COMMITTALS. - To the Editor of the West Briton. Sir, - I beg leave through the medium of your paper, to call the attention of the public to the following case. Two persons named WHITSON and TREGEAGLE, were about the 14th of last month, taken by a revenue officer in the act of smuggling tobacco, and carried before the magisterial authorities at Truro, by whom they were convicted and sentenced to a fine of £100, or six months' imprisonment. Not having it in their power to pay the fine, they were consequently committed to Bodmin for the specified time, where they are at present, but from whence, I presume they may at any time be emacipated, by paying each £100 to the crown. So far, all the proceedings in this case are legal and in perfect order. But, an apparently singular anomaly attends the Administration of this sentence, which excites considerable surprise, at least, among persons unlearned in the law. These two men, now committed to gaol for the non payment of the above fine, are at present deprived of the comfort of writing to, or receiving letters, from their families and friends, or of being permitted to see any person, whether wife, parent, or any other relative, who might wish to alleviate their distress, by affording them that sympathy and solace, which it seems hard, and not consistent with the merciful stream of English justice, to deny to a prisoner, particularly when under sentence for a crime of minor turpitude. This afflictive prohibition of personal intercourse, or written communication with their families, it is understood they are doomed to endure for three calendar months! These persons are consequently debarred all knowledge of their personal and private concerns, and their families may be involved in irretrievable ruin for want of their advice and direction. Both these men having large families, their wives and children are exposed to an amount of suffering only required, one might suppose, in cases of high crimes, where, state necessity could alone justify the imposition of such a stone measure of punishment. Now the common impression, among the in legibus indocti, is that as they are only crown debtors, and the payment of a sum of money, would at any moment cancel their crime, and compromise their punishment, that therefore, any penal restrictions, beyond what are necessary for their safe custody, and the useful regulations of a prison would be unnecessarily harsh and such as Mr WYNDHAM would have designated, "a rigour beyond the law." It seems a novelty to the public, that men, convicted of mere finable offences, should be deprived of pen, ink, and paper, and bereft of the only comfort left them, that of seeing and communing with those most dear to them on earth, and be cut off from all knowledge of their household concerns at home! It naturally reminds us of the place, and the period, when letters de cachet flew round at the bidding of tyrants, and the Bastile swallowed within its cold and sombre recesses, the pale and murky victims of despotic vengeance. It savours of the tender mercies of the Star Chamber, and calls up the recollection of the holy inquisition. But this splenetic mode of punishment, Mr Editor, is not at all in harmony with the mild character of British justice, particularly for an offence, not considered malum in se, but which the law only places amongst the "mala prohibita." It has been held by writers on criminal jurisprudence, and more particularly by MONTESQUIEU and BLACKSTONE, that extreme punishments are by no means effectual in the prevention of crime. The latter says, that "punishments of unreasonable severity, especially when indiscriminately inflected, have less effect in preventing crimes, and amending the manners of the people, than such as are more merciful in general." - In the present improved condition of society, it is only the vitiated in taste, that seek to inflect vindictive penalties. It will furnish much satisfaction, Mr Editor, to many of your readers, if any gentleman, versed in law, will explain how far such a mode of punishing crown debtors is authorised by statute, or can in any mode be construed as being in unison with the general wisdom and humanity of the principles of the British constitution. I remain, yours respectfully, VINDEX. Dated June 10, 1850.

SMUGGLING. - 2nd August 1850

On Monday last, Mr William MICHAEL, late master of the barque "Esther Frances," from Havannah, was charged before the mayor of Falmouth and Lieut. HILL and Mr ROGERS, justices, with having smuggled eleven and three quarters pounds of cigars in ten boxes. This was the man who (as was stated last week) was charged with attempting to poison his crew, but against whom the evidence was altogether incomplete on that charge, which was therefore dismissed by the magistrates. On the present occasion Mr TILLY appeared for the Board of Customs, and Mr GENN for the defendant. It appeared that the information that there were smuggled cigars on board, was given to BENNETTS, the constable, by the mate of the vessel, Robert DUNNAPACE. The witnesses examined in support of the charge were John SEDGEMEND, an extra man of the customs at Falmouth, E. Bennetts, constable, Robert Dunnapace, mate of the vessel, an apprentice on board called CLARKE, Mr HURST, tide-surveyor, Mr. SHELLEY, collector of customs, and a daughter of the constable. Mr. Genn cross-examined the witnesses, but the Bench considered the case proved, and fined the defendant £100, or in default six month' imprisonment. The fine not being paid, the defendant was confined in the borough goal.

On Tuesday last, Mr. E. Bennetts, constable, was summoned for obstructing a person in the preventive service, when discharging his duty. The matter arose out of the proceedings in the trial, against the captain of the "Esther Francis".

Smuggling - 4 November 1853

SMUGGLING. - On Thursday the 27th ult., Edward PHILLIPS, of Hayle, was charged by Mr. Thomas FERRING?? Collector of H.M. Customs, before the Rev. U. TONKIN, with having illegally landed from a foreign vessel a quantity of cigars, and was fined in the sum of 15s

A NOVEL MODE OF SMUGGLING 3 May 1867

Part of the crew of the Maltese barque Wignacourt, were charged on Thursday, at the Town-hall, Falniouth, with smuggling tobacco, and remanded. On the officers of the St. Mawes Custom’s boat searching the vessel, they found 117 lbs. of tobacco and 14 lbs. cigars secreted. Some of the tobacco was made up in the form of life-belts and covered with canvas. A great quantity of cigars were found to be down the sides of the masts, but could not be got up, and an officer will probably have to go with the vessel to her port of discharge so as to obtain possession of them as the cargo is discharged.

TOBACCO SMUGGLING - 21st FEBRUARY 1887

West Kerrier Petty Sessions - Wednesday - Before the Rev. A.A. Vawlrey (chairman), Capt. J.P. Rogers, R.A., and the Rev. A.H.M.. St. Aubyn.

Tobacco - Smuggling - John Nankervis, of Ruan Minor, pleaded guilty to having unlawfully in his possession several pounds of tobacco. - Mr. Manners, collector of Customs at Falmouth, prosecuted, and stated that he and the coastguard officers of the Lizard visited defendant's house, and told him they had suspicion of being unlawfully possessed of leaf tobacco. Defendant denied that he had, but on the house being searched, some sailor's pig tobacco was found under the bed. It was about ten pounds. It was stolen from the wreck of the "Suffolk." - Nankervis, who had nothing to say, was fined £5 2s., including costs.

THE SLOOP INN, ST. IVES. 12 January 1899

The landlady [Mrs. Elizabeth Baragwanath] and her father before her occupied the house for nearly 50 years. She has its history at her fingers’ ends; back to the time of an old smuggler known only as “Old Tubs” He and another noted and daring smuggler, whom they always called “Old Worms,” and who had the command of the “swag” in Hicks’s court, are the best remembered characters in St. Ives, and many a well authenticated tale of savage conflict between King’s officers and St. Ives smugglers dates from Hicks’s-court, and the Sloop on the foresands. In and around the Sloop during election time congregated hundreds of fishermen; beer flowed like water. The red coat and cocked hat of an Exciseman were a red rag to an infuriated bull; party fights with fists, sticks, stones, and any other weapons coming to hand would throw Donnybrook into shadow. The most severe party fight ever known in St. Ives was on the 27th of March, 1820, when the effigy of one Tom Tucket was burnt in front the Sloop for the part he took in the return of Messrs. Evelyn and Graham to Parliament. The members were charged with bribery, but their election was confirmed by the House of Commons. About 700 men, boys, and women were all fighters together on the foresands, and great personal injury was inflicted.

In 1899, the Sloop Inn was a low, yellow-washed house crouched beneath a two centuries old slate roof with tiny dormer windows. Inside, was “like the deck of an old 74 line of battle ship—all beams and timbers”, while upstairs, “a four poster bed would fill the state-room; the others were smaller.”]

A SONG OF MR. JAGO

Mon, 27 Dec 2010 03:54:00 +0000

(To be sung to the tune of the Irish folk song "Blarney Rose")

IF YOU HAD A TEACHER WHO WOULD KICK A SOCCER BALL

AND HIS LAST NAME WAS JAGO AND HIS FIRST NAME WAS PAUL

THEN YOU KNOW OF A MAN WITH THE BALL SKILLS TO BOAST,

AND A VINTAGE B.M.W. IN WHICH HE LIKED TO COAST

AN EASTERN PENNSYLVANIAN BORN AND BRED

WITH THE KIDS UP THERE HE HAD MAD STREET CRED.

BUT TO MARYLAND HE CAME WHEN HE ANSWERED THE CALLING

EVEN THOUGH THE HUMIDITY HERE WAS DOWN-RIGHT APPALLING

AND UNLIKE HIS TWIN BROTHER WHO MOVED HERE TO BEAT US

THE HIP MR JAGO HAD A PASSION TO TEACH US

ENGLISH, MATH, SCIENCE, & HISTORY

HOW HE DID THE JOB OF SEVEN TEACHERS, TO ME IS STILL A MYSTERY

EVERYDAY IN THE CLASS HE WOULD PUT ON A GREAT SHOW

AND ONE YEAR, IF YOU RECALL, HE EVEN PLAYED A BANDITO

FROM THAT GOOFY LAUGH THAT IS SO UNFORGETTABLE

TO HIS ATTEMPTS AT A BRITISH ACCENT THAT ONE MIGHT CALL "REGRETTABLE"

MR JAGO WAS OUR TEACHER AND A RENAISSANCE MAN

AND STILL, TO THIS DAY, I'LL ADMIT… I'M A FAN

Thanksgiving in Hong Kong

Sat, 27 Nov 2010 11:29:00 +0000

Well blog have not wrote for a while and not much I can find on the Jago name lately so heres a story of a few Brits a Japanese, a Canadian and some Americans celbrating Thanksgiving in HK.r.

When one thinks of the holiday season in Hong Kong might mean Chinese New Year. Well really anything goes in Hong Kong, they seem to celebrate every holiday I guess any excuse for a party and some drinks this goes for us.

A little history below on the events and why we all celebrate on differnent days and why the UK does not really have thanksgiving well I guess we do as as explained below its called harvest festival.

Thanksgiving is just around the corner and Americans celebrate this traditional holiday with big feasts that include whole Turkeys stuffed with stuffing, , mashed potatoes and gravy, and a large assortment of fall vegetables.

Many people wonder why Thanksgiving is celebrated on a different day every year – or why America and Canada celebrate it in two different months? Well – here are the answers!

Canada’s Thanksgiving is celebrated to give thanks to God at the closing of a good harvest season. A long story short, in 1957 the Canadian Parliament federalized the holiday and stated that a general day of thanksgiving to God should be celebrated every October on the second Monday of the month. The Thanksgiving of Canada corresponds to the UK Harvest Festival. Canadians usually celebrate the weekend before the actual day of Thanksgiving with a big feast that includes family and friends.

In America, Thanksgiving was originally celebrated by the Pilgrims of Plymouth to give thanks to God for surviving their first brutal winter in New England. Each year, the pilgrims celebrated Thanksgiving as thanks to God for their freedom and for their survival in New England. In 1941, President Roosevelt federalized the holiday and stated that it shall fall on the fourth Thursday in November. For many years now it has been believed that Thanksgiving was a symbol of unity between the Pilgrims and Native Americans. However, a recent research has found this myth to be false. The first thanksgiving was really only a Pilgrim’s celebration of conquering new Indian territories. Lots of Native Americans in America, have made sure to make this truth public. But the holiday has become so ingrained into American society that people just celebrate it to eat the scrumptious food! Traditional foods served on this day include stuffing, mashed potatoes, cranberry sauce, sweet corn, fall vegetables and pumpkin pie.

But enough of these history lessons and a little about yesterday

We decided to be a bit American yesterday and celebrate thanksgiving with a few American friends and some english mates well anything for a few drinks and nice turkey, but really anything goes here in HK thats why we had the thanksgiving dinner together and again we would not want to miss out on the turkey and all the trimmings. Due to the time difference here in hk we had the thanksgiving dinner at 7pm on Friday. It was quite fun we went to a American Italian style kids friendly resturant a bit like tgi fridays called Fat Angelo's.

Some more a pics to follow later

Where does JAGO rank in the most common names in the U.S.?

Sat, 27 Nov 2010 10:44:00 +0000

The Jago name in the US and its ranking,JAGO is identified by the U.S. Bureau of the Census as a surname with more than 100 occurrences in the United States for the year-2000.

The U.S. Census. In "Demographic Aspects of Surnames from Census 2000", the Census Bureau tabulated the surnames of all people who had obtained Social Security Numbers by the year 2000.

The Jago name and its rank is quite low the number for the Jago name in terms of the most common surnames in the US is ranked at # 39052 . JAGO had 531 occurrences in the 2000 Census, according the U.S. government records. Out of a sample of 100,000 people in the United States, JAGO would occur an average of 0.2 times. Race / ethnic origin The race categories shown in these files are the modified race categories used in the Census Bureau's population estimates program. All people were categorized into six mutually exclusive racial and Hispanic origin groups: "White only", "Black only", "American Indian and Alaskan Native only", "Asian and Pacific Islander only", "Two or More Races", and "Hispanic". For the last name of JAGO the Census Bureau reports the following race / ethnic origin breakdown: •90.4 percent, or 480 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic White Only" •4.52 percent, or 24 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic Black Only" •Insignificant percent, or Less than 100 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander Only" •1.69 percent, or 9 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaskan Native" •2.82 percent, or 15 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic of Two or More Races" •Insignificant percent, or Less than 100 total occurrences, were "Hispanic Origin" NOTE: Fields suppressed for confidentiality are assigned the value "Insignificant" The presentation of data on this site focuses on summarized aggregates of counts and characteristics associated with surnames, and, as such, do not in any way identify any specific individuals. All data is derived from David L. Word, Charles D. Coleman, Robert Nunziata and Robert Kominski (2008). "Demographic Aspects of Surnames from Census 2000". U.S. Census Bureau.

Jago River Alaska, nice river i found after our name looks great i want to visit

Sat, 24 Jul 2010 00:31:00 +0000

Jago River

90 miles (145 km) long, the Jago gets its name from a Lt. Jago who sailed on the ship HMS Enterprise captained by Richard Collinson of the Royal Navy. Collinson's voyage between 1850 and 1855 was one of the last to be made in search of the lost expedition of Sir John Franklin, who set out in the vessels Erebus and Terror looking for the Northwest Passage in 1845 and was never again heard from.

Jago River: Mountains to the Sea

Location: Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Brooks Range, Alaska

The 90-mile Jago River runs through the heart of the northern half of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. This glacial river is fed by McCall Glacier on Mt. Isto. The Jago is flanked by the Romanzof Mountains; here lie some of the highest peaks in the Brooks Range. These snowcapped peaks are the source of the Jago's turbid whitewater.

During the first week of this expedition, we backpack about 30 miles down the Jago, among fields of wildflowers. The river is swift and rocky, filled with scoured granite boulders. The valley shelters the complete spectrum of arctic wildlife, including wolves, caribou, muskoxen, foxes, moose, and grizzly bears. Raptors such as rough-legged hawks and peregrine falcons frequently next on cliffs in the river corridor. Where the foothills roll gently down to the arctic coastal plain, we hike through an area of preferred calving for the 129,000-member Porcupine caribou herd. We will likely find plentiful evidence of their presence here. Female caribou drop their antlers around the time they give birth, and the tundra is littered with lovely antlers of all shapes and sizes.

During our second week of travel, we pick up canoes and paddle the braided river, now somewhat tamed by a loss in gradient, to the sea. We've timed the trip to see lots of caribou. With luck, we will intercept the Porcupine caribou herd during their post-calving aggregation, a time when tens of thousands of caribou gather en masse, moving to the coast where the wind keeps the insects down.

At the mouth of the Jago, we explore sand dunes, and then paddle across the Jago Lagoon, a body of water protected from the open ocean, to Barter Island. With the Brooks Range at our back, and the Arctic Ocean icepack along the horizon, we are truly at the top of the continent. We paddle along the barrier islands to Barter Island, and pull our boats out at the Native village of Kaktovik. Here, we pack up our boats and gear, and fly back to Fairbanks via a commercial flight.

The Jago River foothills and coastal plain are in an area targeted by the oil industry for development, should Congress ever vote to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to drilling. This area is also a preferred area for the caribou. Obviously, this area needs to be off-limits.

Kais fathers day party

Sat, 19 Jun 2010 03:18:00 +0000

Kaito school put on a fathers day party, I left work early to see Kai`s first dance and kind of play,

The party began with the kids singing a song, They also introduced us to a few games the teachers had tought the kids.

Kai was trying to sing it was very cute he also made a special paper shirt for his daddy it had superdad on it it was funny and a tie and he and the class had songs to sing and games to play.

in one of the games the kids had to shavingfoam and hair gel on all the dads it was funny and used a lollypop stick to shave us, They also did some dancing.

England VS USA

Sun, 13 Jun 2010 08:33:00 +0000

World Cup fever is here and last night I went to the pub to see
England play the USA it was a good game not high scoring but alot of chances, Gerard scored the first goal everyone screaming yay.

A while later the USA scored Green made a hugh mistake :(

Nevertheless, Its so good to see in HK so many English fans out and chearing the team on.

HK tv is so funny in the west its all men that are the pundits in HK its all girls.

Some pics below of the wc taken in my local pub not very good pics.

at least this cheered me up

Malaysian Borneo

Sun, 13 Jun 2010 07:59:00 +0000

We have just come back from a beautiful place call Kota Kinablu spend two weeks in total off with 7 days in Malaysia.

We all stayed at the Nexus Resort it was really nice we spent most of our time by the pool and the beach

KOTA KINABALU City was one of the most fantastic cities I have ever been too. everyone was warm and friendly and the hospitality that you would hardly find anywhere else in the world. our hotel had its own beachs the pool suites where we stayed we kind of had the pool to ourselves and the beach too. The main hotel was more lively the beaches where long and sandy

Kota Kinabalu is situated on the tropical island of Borneo, and is the state capital of the Malaysian state Sabah, which is one of the two states of East Malaysia.

We could do as much or as little as we wanted which was very nice, there is a mountain i think next time we go i will defiantly try to climb there are also rain forests the most famous animal is an orangutan

They are very nice to see

The town was small and also very nice and modern alot of nice shopping malls

I found this video of the resort where we stayed the main hotel was really nice.

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A few pics of the family holiday Kai and Ted both loved the pool and had so much fun on the beach too.

I would recommend going here and I know I will go back again soon

England 2010 - back to the motherland.

Mon, 17 May 2010 11:42:00 +0000

We all took a trip back to England to see the folks, Our home has now moved from London to a small place called Polegate its just outside of Eastborne, My Mum and Dad have never met Ted my younger son so it was time to go back.

Ted and Kai in the train station in Polegate Kai and Ted both love the trains thats all they said when they were on it.

We stayed at my brothers house his wife and son below

They just bought a new house, they have one son Kai and Ted liked to play.

My Mum and Dad wanted to take Kai and Ted to London.

We took them to Buckenham Palace and to Fleet Street and all over the strand and had a nice meal.

We took them to Brighton where they played on the tea cups and had fish and chips on the beach with Ken.

Kai and Me above in the tea cup, Kai likes this ride we went on it in Disney in Hong Kong too.

Macau

Sun, 02 May 2010 02:21:00 +0000

A few weeks ago we all went to Macau, Macau was very nice we stayed in the MGM grand, This is a 5 star casino and hotel complex.

We got there via the Ferry from the Macau ferry terminal, it costs about 150HKD each way so about 15 pounds.

Terry, Hiroko, Kai and little Ted in the Macau suit.

We went to Macau to look around and do some gambling well only about 20pounds worth it was very fun.

The hotel had a mini bar in the room all the beer and softdrinks were free it was fantastic.

Kai also loved the free fruit he loves fruit

We also went to see the Michael Jackson exibition that was good, it was in one of the hotels.

Kai saw the Casino and asked daddy can i go gamble.

No says daddy its your bed time, Mummy and Daddy's night off.

Jago in Hong Kong - Lantau Island is a fantastic place

Wed, 28 Apr 2010 23:31:00 +0000

Well We have been in Hong Kong a while now so I thought I would add things that we have done and have a few talks about them, I love Hong Kong and thought I would try to sell the Place Esp Lantau Island where we live. I took my friend Ken and My wife and Kids to Tung Chung where you can see the Big Budda.

Here is a small guide and some pictures.

Lantau Island is a fantastic little place its full of green nature. you will be surprised how much greenery there is in and around the city, Esp when you think that HK is so small and so many people — hiking and trees are never far away. I took the gondola from Tung Chung to Ngong Ping, a small touristy village of ice cream shops and souvenir shops I went with Hiroko and Ken and my kids here is the view on the way up

We got the bus from Discovery Bay to Tung Chung, but there are easy ways to get there from the Island, you can get the MTR from Hong Kong station to Tung Chung, When your out of the station just walk in frount and there is the cable car up to the Budda.

When we got of the Cable car we walked up and had Lunch in one of the resturants at the top it was very nice a bit pricey. On the way to the trailhead we went past Big Buddha. This is the largest outdoor budda in the world, There is one in Japan that is bigger but its inside in a building in Nara. one can climb up almost all the stairs to the base of the Buddha for free. The vies from the top are really nice.

Big Buddha from high above. Can you spot the tourons?

Continuing along the trail there is a fantastic view of a reservoir with turquoise-blue water:

Shek Pik Reservoir, on the way to Lantau Peak

the best time of the year to go would not been the summer, i would say around Jan or Febuary, The summer is very hot in Hong Kong and Walking down would be too hot: If you do however, then I would recomend alot of water. This is a few from just above the budda.

At least I was nearing the top. Just a few more rises to go along the ridge…

Near Lantau Peak, almost in the clouds

When we walked up the cloud started to come over it becomes very hazy here in Hong Kong and cloudy. There is a lot of polution but on a day like today its very nice.

Hong Kong Airport from Lantau Peak

Hong Kong Airport is not very far from Tung Chung so you could easly do this the day you leave I would recomemnd getting up early checking your bags in at HK station and then getting the train over to TC, Spend the Day there then go off and get the flight there are a number of taxis or busses to the airport. Getting to Lantau Island:

Take the Tung Chung Line from Hong Kong Station to Tung Chung Station.
Walk to the Ngong Ping 360 gondola station, and buy a cable car ticket. there are two types of Car Solid bottom or the Crystal, I would just go for the cheaper option of the Solid bottom, However, if there is a big line then get the Crystal one its much quicker.
You can save if you bundle your ticket with attractions in the (tourist trap) village of Ngong Ping.
Walk to the Big Buddha and other points of interest like monasteries.
If you are up to it, hike Lantau Peak (approx 1.5-2h up, 1h down; ~500m vertical climb).

Life of a Jago in Hong Kong

Tue, 27 Apr 2010 09:28:00 +0000

Discovery Bay to Mui Wo

This walk is about 2 hours long

If lyour ever in Hong Kong and would like to do this walk. Take Discovery Bay ferry from Pier 3 (next to Star Ferry on HK Island).

You will need to get off at DB ferry Terminal and Walk up the hill past the bus station. Turn left and go right where the road branches and the path is on the right along the coast.

Discovery Bay

Golf course

We walked to Mui Wo this is a little town on South Lantau Island in Hong Kong Today.

Firstly we walkedT from our apartment which is opposit the Plaza and the Tennis Court, we walked down the hill and then up over the hill and past the firestation. This road takes you to a small ferry terminal where the inter-island frries come in. If you dont want to walk you can get a ferry from here to Mui Wo or Peng Chau. There is a trail there that leads up to the Tappistere Monastery. Years ago the Trappist Monks had a dairy there and you can still find bottles of Trappist Monastery Milk, although the cows are long gone now, probably off living in a much more hospitable place. When I think of a dairy and milk cows I think of beautiful lush green pastures like my home land of the UK and where my Mum and Dad live , not steep semi-tropical islands.

View of coastal area along the trail

It was a gradual climb with beautiful beach views around every turn in the trail. The monastery is reached by a steep road, you will see a very old land rover that may have been used to take the milk down to the local towns.

We walked on past the monastery and continued up hill. At one point we had a view looking down on the Discovery Bay Golf course, what a great place to play it is. Then all of a sudden you leave the trees and begin a serious climb to the top of a VERY steep hill.

After a short rest we started down the other side to Mui Wo. This side is much steeper and we were certainly glad that we were going down, not coming up (love those walking sticks). Stairs, stairs, and more stairs. The trail drops down to the beach on the opposite side from the Mui Wo Ferry terminal, the beach is very big and nice.

We had dinner at a very Chinese resturant very cheap and near the ferry terminal, there was a pub called the me China Bear where we got some well deserved beers.

Then we got the ferry back to DB where we had a well deserved rest on the beach before heading home for a good sleep.

Mui Wo

legendary kings of Britain

Sun, 25 Apr 2010 00:43:00 +0000

The following list of legendary kings of Britain derives predominantly from Geoffrey of MonmouthGeoffrey of MonmouthGeoffrey of Monmouth was a British clergyman and one of the major figures in the development of British history and the popularity of tales of King Arthur...

's circa 1136 work Historia Regum Britanniae

Historia Regum Britanniae

The Historia Regum Britanniae is a pseudohistorical account of British history, written c. 1136 by Geoffrey of Monmouth. It chronicles the lives of the kings of the Britons in a chronological narrative spanning a time of two thousand years, beginning with the Trojans founding the British nation...

("the History of the Kings of Britain"). Geoffrey constructed a largely fictional history for the Britons (ancestors of the WelshWelsh peopleThe Welsh people are an ethnic group and nation associated with Wales and the Welsh language.John Davies argues that the origin of the "Welsh nation" can be traced to the late 4th and early 5th centuries, following the Roman departure from Britain, although Brythonic Celtic languages seem to have...

, the CornishCornish peopleThe Cornish are the people of Cornwall, the most south-westerly part of England, and the United Kingdom. As an ethnic group, the Cornish are interpreted as modern Celts, the lineal descendants of the ancient Britons who inhabited southern and central Great Britain...

and the BretonsBreton peopleThe Bretons are an ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France. They trace much of their heritage to groups of Brythonic speakers who settled the area from south western Great Britain in two waves from the 4th to 6th centuries. The traditional language of Brittany is Breton and is...

), partly based on the work of earlier medieval historians like GildasGildasSaint Gildas was a 6th-century British cleric. He is one of the best-documented figures of the Christian church in the British Isles during this period. His renowned learning and literary style earned him the designation Gildas Sapiens . He was ordained in the Church, and in his works favoured the...

, NenniusNenniusNennius was a Welsh monk of the 9th century who is chiefly known today as the author of the Historia Brittonum, an attribution contained in the prologue affixed to that work though David Dumville and others have cast doubt upon the ascription and upon the antiquity of the prologue...

and BedeBedeBede , also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or Beda , was a monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth, today part of Sunderland, England, and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow , both in the Kingdom of Northumbria.He is well known as an author and...

, partly from Welsh genealogies and saints' lives, partly from sources now lost and unidentifiable, and partly from his own imagination . Several of his kings are based on genuine historical figures, but appear in unhistorical narratives. A number of Middle WelshMiddle Welsh languageMiddle Welsh is the label attached to the Welsh language of the 12th to 14th centuries, of which much more remains than for any earlier period. This form of Welsh developed from Old Welsh....

versions of Geoffrey's Historia exist. All post-date Geoffrey's text, but may give us some insight into any native traditions Geoffrey may have drawn on.

Geoffrey's narrative begins with the exiled TrojanTroyTroy is a legendary city and center of the Trojan War, as described in the Epic Cycle and especially in the Iliad, one of the two epic poems attributed to Homer...

prince BrutusBrutus of TroyBrutus or Brute of Troy is a legendary descendant of the Trojan hero Aeneas, was known in medieval British legend as the eponymous founder and first king of Britain...

, after whom Britain is supposedly named, a tradition previously recorded in less elaborate form in the 9th century Historia Brittonum. Brutus is a descendant of AeneasAeneasIn Greco-Roman mythology, Aeneas was a Trojan hero, the son of prince Anchises and the goddess Venus. His father was also the second cousin of King Priam of Troy. The journey of Aeneas from Troy, which led to the founding of the city Rome, is recounted in Virgil's Aeneid...

, the legendary Trojan ancestor of the founders of RomeAncient RomeAncient Rome was a civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea, it became one of the largest empires in the ancient world....

, and his story is evidently related to Roman foundation legends.

The kings before Brutus come from a document purporting to trace the travels of Noah in Europe and once attributed to the Mesopotamian historian BerossusBerossusBerossus was a Hellenistic-era Babylonian writer, a priest of Bel and astronomer writing in Greek, who was active at the beginning of the 3rd century BC...

, but now known to have been a fabrication of the 15th century Italian writer Annio da ViterboAnnio da ViterboAnnio da Viterbo or Annius of Viterbo , or Joannes Annius Viterbensis, was an Italian Dominican friar, scholar and historian, born Giovanni Nanni in Viterbo. He is now remembered for his fabrications.-Career in the Church:He entered the Dominican Order early in life and won fame as a preacher and...

. Renaissance historians like John BaleJohn BaleJohn Bale was an English churchman, historian and controversialist, and Bishop of Ossory. He wrote the oldest known historical verse drama in English , and developed and published a very extensive list of the works of British authors down to his own time, just as the monastic libraries were being...

and Raphael HolinshedRaphael HolinshedRaphael Holinshed was an English chronicler, whose work, commonly known as Holinshed's Chronicles, was one of the major sources used by William Shakespeare for a number of his plays....

took the list of kings of Celtica given by pseudo-Berossus and made them kings of Britain as well as Gaul. John MiltonJohn MiltonJohn Milton was an English poet, author, polemicist and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost and for his treatise condemning censorship, Areopagitica....

records these traditions in his History of Britain, although he gives them little credence.

First kings derived from pseudo-Berossus

•Samothes, also known as DisDis PaterDis Pater, or Dispater , was a Roman god of the underworld, later subsumed by Pluto or Hades. Originally a chthonic god of riches, fertile agricultural land, and underground mineral wealth, he was later commonly equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus, becoming an underworld deity.Dis Pater...

: fourth son of JaphethJaphethJapheth is one of the sons of Noah in the Bible. In Arabic citations, his name is normally given as Yafeth ibn Nuh ....

, son of NoahNoahNoah was, according to the Bible, the tenth and last of the antediluvian Patriarchs; and a prophet according to the Qur'an...

. First king of Celtica, 200 years after the Flood. Britain is named Samothea after him.

•Magus, son of Samothes

•Saron, son of Magus

•Druis, son of Saron (founder of the DruidDruidA druid was a member of the priestly and learned class active in Gaul, and perhaps in Celtic culture more generally, during the final centuries BCE...

•Bardus, son of Druis (founder of the bardBardIn medieval Gaelic and British culture a bard was a professional poet, paid by a monarch to praise the sovereign's activities....

•AlbionAlbionAlbion is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain. It is thought to derive from the white cliffs of Dover. Today, it is still sometimes used poetically to refer to the island or England in particular. It is also the basis of the Scottish Gaelic name for Scotland,

, son of NeptuneNeptune (mythology)Neptune is the god of water and the sea in Roman mythology, a brother of Jupiter and Pluto. He is analogous with but not identical to the god Poseidon of Greek mythology. The Roman conception of Neptune owed a great deal to the Etruscan god Nethuns....

, a giant, who overthrows Bardus, rules for 44 years, and renames the island after himself. He is killed fighting HerculesHerculesHercules is the Roman name for the mythical Greek demigod Heracles, son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmena. Early Roman sources suggest that the imported Greek hero supplanted a mythic Italic shepherd called "Recaranus" or "Garanus", famous for his strength, who dedicated the Ara Maxima that became...

on the continent, and from then until the arrival of Brutus, Britain has no ruler.

Kings derived from Geoffrey of Monmouth

Geoffrey synchronises some of his kings with figures and events from the BibleBibleThe Bible contains the central religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. Modern Judaism generally recognizes a single set of canonical books known as the Tanakh, or Hebrew Bible, as it is written almost entirely in the Hebrew language, with some small portions in Aramaic...

, Greek, Roman and Irish legends, and recorded history. These are given in the "Synchronisation" column.

England Scotland Wales Cornwall Synchronisation

Brutus I (24 years) CorineusCorineusCorineus, in medieval British legend, was a prodigious warrior, a fighter of giants, and the eponymous founder of Cornwall.According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain , he led the descendants of the Trojans who fled with Antenor after the Trojan War and settled on the coasts...

EliEli (Biblical Priest)Eli was, according to the Books of Samuel, the name of a priest of Shiloh, and one of the last Israelite Judges before the rule of kings in ancient Israel.-Biblical narrative:Eli abruptly appears when Hannah, who is childless, prays to God for a child...

, Aeneas SilviusAeneas SilviusAeneas Silvius is the son of Silvius, grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson of Aeneas. He is the third in the list of the mythical kings of Alba Longa in Latium, and the Silvii regarded him as the founder of their house. Dionysius of Halicarnassus ascribes to him a reign of 31 years. Ovid does...

LocrinusLocrinusLocrinus was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the oldest son of Brutus and a descendant of the Trojans through Aeneas. Following Brutus's death, Britain was divided amongst the three sons, with Locrinus receiving the portion roughly equivalent to...

(10 years) AlbanactusAlbanactusAccording to Geoffrey of Monmouth, Albanactus was the founding king of Albania or Albany. He was the youngest of three sons of Brutus, a descendant of Aeneas of Troy. According to legend, upon their father's death, the eldest son Locrinus was given Loegria, Camber was given Cambria and Albanactus...

KamberKamberCamber, also Kamber, was the legendary first king of Cambria, according to the Geoffrey of Monmouth in the first part of his influential 12th-century pseudohistory Historia Regum Britanniae. According to Geoffrey, Cambria, the classical name for Wales, was named for him.Camber was the son of...

GwendolenQueen GwendolenQueen Gwendolen was a legendary ruler of Britain, whose life is described in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. According to Geoffrey, she was the wife of King Locrinus of the Britons until she defeated him in battle and took on the leadership of Britain herself.Gwendolen was the...

(15 years)

MaddanMaddanMaddan was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Locrinus and Queen Gwendolen, who both ruled Britain separately....

(40 years) GwendolenQueen GwendolenQueen Gwendolen was a legendary ruler of Britain, whose life is described in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. According to Geoffrey, she was the wife of King Locrinus of the Britons until she defeated him in battle and took on the leadership of Britain herself.Gwendolen was the...

Samuel, Aeneas SilviusAeneas SilviusAeneas Silvius is the son of Silvius, grandson of Ascanius and great-grandson of Aeneas. He is the third in the list of the mythical kings of Alba Longa in Latium, and the Silvii regarded him as the founder of their house. Dionysius of Halicarnassus ascribes to him a reign of 31 years. Ovid does...

, HomerHomerHomer is a legendary ancient Greek epic poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey...

MempriciusMempriciusMempricius was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Maddan and brother of Malin....

(20 years) SaulSaul the KingSaul was the first king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible. He was anointed by the prophet Samuel and reigned from Gibeah...

, EurystheusEurystheusIn Greek mythology, Eurystheus was king of Tiryns, one of three Mycenaean strongholds in the Argolid: Sthenelus was his father and the "victorious horsewoman" Nicippe his mother, and he was a grandson of the hero Perseus, as was his opponent Heracles. He was married to Antimache, daughter of...

EbraucusEbraucusEbraucus was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Mempricius before he abandoned the family....

(40 or 60 years) DavidDavidDavid was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Bible. He is depicted as a righteous king, although not without fault, as well as an acclaimed warrior, musician and poet .The biblical chronology sets his life c.1037–970 BCE, his reign over Judah c.1007–1000 BCE,...

Brutus II GreenshieldBrutus GreenshieldBrutus Greenshield was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Ebraucus....

(12 years)

LeilLeilLeil was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Brutus Greenshield.Leil was a peaceful and just king and took advantage of the prosperity afforded him by his ancestors. He built Caerleil in the north as a tribute to this prosperity. He...

(25 years) SolomonSolomonSolomon is a figure described in the Hebrew Bible as a King of Israel and later in the Qur'an, where he is described as a Prophet. The biblical accounts identify Solomon as the son of David...

Rud Hud HudibrasRud Hud HudibrasRud Hud Hudibras was a legendary king of the Britons as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Leil and ruled during a civil war....

(39 years) HaggaiHaggaiHaggai was one of the twelve minor prophets and the author of the Book of Haggai. His name means "my feast"...

, AmosAmos (prophet)Amos is a minor prophet in the Old Testament, and the purported author of the Book of Amos.-Audience:The book of Amos records that two years after Amos received the visions contained therein, an earthquake struck the area...

, JoelJoel (prophet)Joel was a prophet of ancient Israel, the second of the twelve minor prophets and the author of the Book of Joel.He is mentioned by name only once in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, in the introduction to his own brief book, as the son of Pethuel...

, AzariahAzariahAzariah, meaning "Yah['s] help[ed]" in Hebrew, is the name of several people in the Hebrew Bible and Jewish history, including:*Abednego, the new name given to an Azariah who is the companion of Daniel, Hananiah, and Mishael in the Book of Daniel...

BladudBladudBladud or Blaiddyd was a legendary king of the Britons, for whose existence there is no historical evidence. He is first mentioned in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, which describes him as the son of King Rud Hud Hudibras, and the tenth ruler in line from the first King, Brutus....

(20 years) Elijah

LeirLeir of BritainLeir is a legendary prehistoric king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. His story is told in much-modified and romanticized form in William Shakespeare's King Lear. In this drama, some names are identical to those of this legends , and the happenings are very similar...

(60 years)

CordeliaQueen CordeliaQueen Cordelia was a legendary Queen of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. She was the youngest daughter of Leir and the second ruling queen of Britain....

(5 years)

Marganus IMarganusMorganus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Maglaurus, Duke of Albany, and Goneril, the daughter of King Leir....

(north of the Humber) and CunedagiusCunedagiusCunedagius was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Henwinus, Duke of Cornwall, and Regan, the daughter of King Leir....

(south of the Humber) (2 years)

CunedagiusCunedagiusCunedagius was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Henwinus, Duke of Cornwall, and Regan, the daughter of King Leir....

(33 years) IsaiahIsaiahIsaiah is the main figure in the Biblical Book of Isaiah, and is traditionally considered to be its author. He was an 8th-century BC Judean prophet. Part of his message was: "The land will be completely laid waste and totally plundered. The LORD has spoken this word."...

, HoseaHoseaHosea was the son of Beeri and a prophet in Israel in the 8th century BC. He is one of the Twelve Prophets of the Jewish Hebrew Bible, also known as the Minor Prophets of the Christian Old Testament....

, Romulus and RemusRomulus and RemusRomulus and Remus are considered to be the traditional founders of Rome, appearing in Roman mythology as the twin sons of the Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia, fathered by the god of war, Mars...

RivalloRivalloRivallo was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Cunedagius and was noted as a young king who reigned frugally....

GurgustiusGurgustiusGurgustius was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Rivallo and was succeeded by Sisillius I....

Sisillius ISisillius ISisillius I was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Gurgustius and succeeded by Jago. He was the father of Kinmarc, king of the Britons. -Notes:...

JagoJago of BritainJago was a legendary king of the Britons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the nephew of Gurgustius and was succeeded by Kimarcus....

KimarcusKimarcusKimarcus was a legendary king of the Britons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Sisillius I and was succeeded by Gorboduc....

GorboducGorboducGorboduc was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was married to Judon. At an old age, he became senile and his sons, Ferrex and Porrex, feuded over who would take over the kingdom...

War between FerrexFerrexFerrex was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Gorboduc and Judon.When his father had become old, he waged war on his brother, Porrex, for who would succeed to the kingship. He fled to Gaul and enlisted the help of Suhard, the king of the...

and Porrex IPorrex IPorrex I was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Gorboduc and his death began a dynastic civil war....

Civil war; Britain divided under five unnamed kings

Pinner Staterius Rudaucus Cloten

Dunvallo MolmutiusDunvallo MolmutiusDunvallo Molmutius was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Cloten, the King of Cornwall, and he restored order after the "Civil War of the Five Kings"...

(40 years)

BrenniusBrenniusBrennius was a legendary king of Northumberland and Allobroges, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Dunvallo Molmutius and brother of Belinus, probably based upon one or both of the historical Brenni.- Claimant to the throne of Britain:...

(north of the Humber) and BelinusBelinusBelinus the Great was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Dunvallo Molmutius and brother of Brennius. He was probably named after the ancient god Belenus.- Earning the crown :...

(south of the Humber) Sack of RomeBattle of the AlliaThe Battle of the Allia was a battle of the first Gallic invasion of Italy. The battle was fought near the Allia river: the defeat of the Roman army opened the route for the Gauls to sack Rome. It was fought in 390/387 BC.-Background:...

(387 BC)

BelinusBelinusBelinus the Great was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Dunvallo Molmutius and brother of Brennius. He was probably named after the ancient god Belenus.- Earning the crown :...

Gurguit BarbtrucGurguit BarbtrucGurguit Barbtruc was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Belinus and was said to have found a home for the Irish people....

PartholónPartholónIn Irish mythology Partholón was the leader of the second group of people to settle in Ireland, supposedly first to arrive after the biblical Flood...

GuithelinGuithelinGuithelin was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He became king after the death of Gurguit Barbtruc.He ruled liberally and temperately for his life. His Queen consort was an artisan and noblewoman named Marcia. When he died, his wife took over the government...

MarciaQueen MarciaQueen Marcia was the legendary third queen regnant and a regent of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. She became queen after the death of Guithelin and ruled as regent for her son, Sisillius....

(regent)

Sisillius IISisillius IISisillius II was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Guithelin and Queen Marcia and was succeeded by Kinarius....

KinariusKinariusKinarius was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was son of Sisillius II and succeeded by his brother, Danius....

DaniusDaniusDanius was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was son of Sisillius II and brother of Kinarius. He was succeeded by Morvidus....

MorvidusMorvidusMorvidus was a legendary king of the Britons from 341 to 336 B.C., as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the illegitimate son of Danius by his mistress Tanguesteaia....

GorbonianusGorbonianusGorbonianus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the eldest son of King Morvidus, and the brother of Archgallo, Elidurus, Ingenius, and Peredurus, and...

ArchgalloArchgalloArchgallo was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the second son of King Morvidus and brother of Gorbonianus....

ElidurusElidurusElidurus the Dutiful was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the third son of King Morvidus and brother of Gorbonianus, Archgallo, Ingenius, and Peredurus....

(5 years)

ArchgalloArchgalloArchgallo was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the second son of King Morvidus and brother of Gorbonianus....

(restored) (10 years)

(restored)

PeredurusPeredurusPeredurus is a legendary king of the Britons in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical chronicle Historia Regum Britanniae. According to Geoffrey he was the youngest son of King Morvidus and brother of Gorbonianus, Archgallo, Elidurus, and Ingenius....

(north of the Humber) and IngeniusIngeniusIngenius can refer to the following:* Ingenius, the mythical British king.* InGenius, a now-defunct newsfeed service for personal computers, previously known as X*Press X*Change.* InGenius, a coverband from Belgium, active since 1999 ....

(south of the Humber) (7 years)

(restored)

A son of GorbonianusSon of GorbonianusA Son of Gorbonianus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was a son of King Gorbonianus but was never given a name in the text....

Marganus IIMarganus IIMarganus II was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Archgallo and was succeeded by his brother Enniaunus. He ruled the kingdom in tranquility and without conflict....

EnniaunusEnniaunusEnniaunus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Archgallo and brother of Marganus II. According to Geoffrey, he ruled poorly and harshly causing him to be deposed due to tyranny. He was replaced with his cousin Idvallo....

IdvalloIdvalloIdvallo was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Ingenius and he replaced King Enniaunus. Idvallo is said by Geoffrey to have reigned righteously to mend the ills his cousin had brought. He was succeeded by his cousin Runo....

RunoRunoRuno was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Peredurus and was succeeded by his cousin Gerennus....

GerennusGerennusGerennus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was a son of King Elidurus and was succeeded by his son Catellus. According to Geoffrey, his descendants ruled Britain through the time of the Roman invasion of Britain....

CatellusCatellusCatellus was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's work Historia Regum Britanniae. According to Geoffrey he was the son of King Gerennus and was succeeded by his son Millus...

MillusMillusMillus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. His father was King Catellus and was succeeded by his son Porrex II....

Porrex IIPorrex IIPorrex II was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. His father was King Millus and he was succeeded by his son Cherin....

CherinCherinCherin was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. His father was King Porrex II and he was succeeded by his three sons in turn, Fulgenius, Edadus, and Andragius....

FulgeniusFulgeniusFulgenius was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth in Book V of his Historia Regum Britanniae. In this description, he battled the Roman Severus and defeated his army at York, but was himself killed in battle. He was the eldest son of Cherin and was succeeded by his...

EdadusEdadusEdadus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. He was the second son of King Cherin and succeeded by his brother Andragius....

AndragiusAndragiusAndragius was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the youngest son of King Cherin and succeeded by his son Urianus....

UrianusUrianusUrianus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Andragius and was succeeded by Eliud. Geoffrey may possibly have based the character on that of Urien Rheged , although there is no resemblance between them....

EliudEliudEliud, also known as Elihud, was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Urianus and succeeded by Cledaucus. He also conquered Dylan the King of great Tritons. He is said by Geoffrey to have reigned from 133 BC to 128 BC but is otherwise unattested....

CledaucusCledaucusCledaucus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Eliud and succeeded by Clotenus....

ClotenusClotenusClotenus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Cledaucus and succeeded by Gurgintius....

GurgintiusGurgintiusGurgintius was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Clotenus and succeeded by Merianus....

MerianusMerianusMerianus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Gurgintius and succeeded by Bledudo....

BledudoBledudoBledudo was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth and the second to bear this name. He was preceded by Merianus and succeeded by Cap....

CapCap of BritainCap was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Bledudo and succeeded by Oenus....

OenusOenusOenus was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Cap and succeeded by Sisillius III....

Sisillius IIISisillius IIISisillius III was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Oenus and succeeded by Beldgabred....

BeldgabredBeldgabredBeldgabred was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Sisillius III and succeeded by his brother Archmail. Geoffrey says that Beldgabred surpassed all other musicians on every kind of instrument and was claimed to be the god of minstrels....

ArchmailArchmailArchmail was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Beldgabred, his brother, and succeeded by Eldol....

EldolEldolEldol is a legendary king of Britain in Geoffrey of Monmouth's circa 1136 work Historia Regum Britanniae ....

RedonRedon (king)Redon was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Eldol and succeeded by Redechius....

RedechiusRedechiusRedechius was a legendary king of the Britons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain . He was preceded by Redon and succeeded by Samuil Penissel....

Samuil PenessilSawyl PenuchelSawyl Penuchel or Ben Uchel , also known as Samuil Penisel , was a Brythonic king of the sub-Roman period, who appears in old Welsh genealogies and the Welsh Triads....

(or Samuil, followed by Penessil)

PirPir of the BritonsPir was a legendary king of the Britons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth's History of the Kings of Britain. He was preceded by Samuil Penissel, and succeeded by Capoir....

CapoirCapoirCapoir was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was preceded by Pir and succeeded by his son Digueillus....

DigueillusDigueillusDigueillus was a legendary king of the Brythons according to Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of King Capoir and succeeded by his son Heli. Geoffrey portrays him as a wise and modest ruler who cared greatly about the administration of justice among the Brythons....

Heli (40 years)

LudLud son of HeliLud , according to Geoffrey of Monmouth's legendary History of the Kings of Britain and related medieval texts, was a king of Britain in pre-Roman times. He was the eldest son of Geoffrey's King Heli, and succeeded his father to the throne. He was succeeded, in turn, by his brother Cassibelanus...

CassibelanusCassivellaunusCassivellaunus was a historical British chieftain who led the defence against Julius Caesar's second expedition to Britain in 54 BC. The first British person whose name is recorded, Cassivellaunus led an alliance of tribes against Roman forces, but eventually surrendered after his location was...

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarGaius Julius Caesar , , was a Roman military and political leader. He played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....

's invasions of BritainCaesar's invasions of BritainDuring his Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar invaded Britain twice, in 55 and 54 BC. The first invasion, made late in summer, was either intended as a full invasion or a reconnaissance-in-force expedition...

(55-54 BC)

TenvantiusTasciovanusTasciovanus was a historical king of the Catuvellauni tribe before the Roman conquest of Britain.-History:Tasciovanus is known only through numismatic evidence. He appears to have become king of the Catuvellauni ca. 20 BC, ruling from Verlamion...

KimbelinusCunobelinusCunobelinus was a historical king in pre-Roman Britain, known from passing mentions by classical historians Suetonius and Dio Cassius, and from his many inscribed coins...

AugustusAugustusGaius Julius Caesar Augustus was the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in AD 14.These are the contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian after 45 BC...

GuideriusGuideriusGuiderius is a legendary British king according Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae and related texts. He can probably be identified as deriving from the historical Togodumnus....

ClaudiusClaudiusTiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from 24 January AD 41 to his death in AD 54...

's conquest of BritainRoman conquest of BritainBy AD 43, the time of the main Roman invasion of Britain, Great Britain had already frequently been the target of invasions, planned and actual, by forces of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire...

(AD 43)

ArvirargusArvirargusArvirargus was a legendary, and possibly historical, British king of the 1st century AD. A shadowy historical Arviragus is known only from a cryptic reference in a satirical poem by Juvenal, in which a giant turbot presented to the Roman emperor Domitian is said to be an omen that "you will...

ClaudiusClaudiusTiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus was the fourth Roman Emperor, a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from 24 January AD 41 to his death in AD 54...

, VespasianVespasianTitus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian , was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 69 AD until his death in 79 AD...

MariusMarius of BritainMarius was a legendary king of the Britons during the time of the Roman occupation of Britain, as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical Historia Regum Britanniae. He was the son of King Arvirargus and ruled following his father's death....

CoilusCoilusCoilus was a legendary king of the Britons during the time of the Roman occupation of Britain as recounted in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical Historia Regum Britanniae. He was the son of King Marius and ruled following his father's death....

LuciusLucius of BritainSaint Lucius is a legendary 2nd-century King of the Britons traditionally credited with introducing Christianity into Britain. Lucius is first mentioned in a 6th-century version of the Liber Pontificalis, which says that he sent a letter to Pope Eleuterus asking to be made a Christian...

(d. AD 156) Pope EleuterusPope EleuterusPope Saint Eleuterus, or Eleutherius, was Bishop of Rome from about 174 to 189 . He was born in Nicopolis in Epirus. His name is Greek for free....

(174-189)

interregnum; war between SeverusSeptimius SeverusLucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 April, 193 until his death in 211. Severus was the first emperor of the troubled Severan dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of the Roman principate before the Crisis of the Third Century...

and Sulgenius Septimius SeverusSeptimius SeverusLucius Septimius Severus was a Roman Emperor who reigned from 14 April, 193 until his death in 211. Severus was the first emperor of the troubled Severan dynasty, the last imperial dynasty of the Roman principate before the Crisis of the Third Century...

(Roman emperor 193-211)

BassianusCaracallaCaracalla , born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 to 217. He was one of the most nefarious of Roman emperors...

(Caracalla) CaracallaCaracallaCaracalla , born Lucius Septimius Bassianus and later called Marcus Aurelius Antoninus and Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus, was the eldest son of Septimius Severus and Roman Emperor from 211 to 217. He was one of the most nefarious of Roman emperors...

(Roman emperor 211-217)

CarausiusCarausiusMarcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius was a military commander of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century. He was a Menapian, born in the western part of Batavia, who usurped power in 286, declaring himself emperor in Britain and northern Gaul. He did this only 13 years after the Gallic Empire of the...

Carausian RevoltCarausian RevoltThe Carausian Revolt was an episode in Roman history, during which a Roman naval commander, Carausius, declared himself emperor over Britain and northern Gaul. His Gallic territories were retaken by the western Caesar, Constantius Chlorus, in 293, after which Carausius was assassinated by his...

(289-296)

AllectusAllectusAllectus was a Roman usurper-emperor in Britain and northern Gaul from 293 to 296.-History:Allectus was treasurer to Carausius, a Menapian officer in the Roman navy who had seized power in Britain and northern Gaul in 286...

Allectus assassinated Carausius in 293

Asclepiodotus (10 years) Asclepiodotus and Constantius ChlorusConstantius ChlorusFlavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine historians...

retook Britain in 296)

CoelKing ColeKing Cole is a figure of British folklore.King Cole may also refer to:*"Old King Cole", nursery rhyme*King Cole , Major League Baseball pitcher*Nat King Cole , pianist and singer...

ConstantiusConstantius ChlorusFlavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine historians...

(11 years) Constantius ChlorusConstantius ChlorusFlavius Valerius Constantius , also Constantius I, was an emperor of the Western Roman Empire . He was commonly called Chlorus an epithet given to him by Byzantine historians...

, Roman emperor 293-306

Constantine IConstantine ICaesar Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus , commonly known in English as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine , was Roman emperor from 306, and the sole holder of that office from 324 until his death in...

, Roman emperor 306-337

OctaviusOctaviusOctavius was a legendary king of the Britons in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britanniae, an early account of the rulers of Britain....

TrahernTrahernTrahern Trahern Trahern ( is a legendary King of the Britons in Geoffrey of Monmouth's fictional Historia Regum Britanniae.According to Geoffrey, Trahern was king of the Britons and Roman senator...

OctaviusOctaviusOctavius was a legendary king of the Britons in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britanniae, an early account of the rulers of Britain....

(restored)

MaximianusMagnus MaximusMagnus Maximus , also known as Maximianus and Macsen Wledig in Welsh, was a Hispano-Roman usurper of the Western Roman Empire from 383 until his death, in 388, by order of Emperor Theodosius I.-Life:...

Magnus MaximusMagnus MaximusMagnus Maximus , also known as Maximianus and Macsen Wledig in Welsh, was a Hispano-Roman usurper of the Western Roman Empire from 383 until his death, in 388, by order of Emperor Theodosius I.-Life:...

, Roman usurper-emperor 383-388

DionotusDionotusIn Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britanniae, a fictional account of the rulers of Britain, Dionotus was a legendary King of the Britons during the campaigns in Gaul led by Emperor Magnus Maximus. The curious thing about this king is that the Welsh chronicles, which parallel most of...

Constantine IIConstantine III (usurper)Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in English as Constantine III was a Roman general who declared himself Western Roman Emperor in 407, abdicated in 411, and was captured and executed shortly afterwards.-Background:...

Constantine IIIConstantine III (usurper)Flavius Claudius Constantinus, known in English as Constantine III was a Roman general who declared himself Western Roman Emperor in 407, abdicated in 411, and was captured and executed shortly afterwards.-Background:...

, Roman usurper-emperor 407-411

ConstansConstans II (usurper)Constans was the eldest son of the Roman usurper Constantine III and was appointed co-emperor by him from 409 to 411.Constans lived in a monastery for the younger years of his life until he was elevated to the title of Caesar. His father then sent him with the general Gerontius to Hispania...

Constans IIConstans II (usurper)Constans was the eldest son of the Roman usurper Constantine III and was appointed co-emperor by him from 409 to 411.Constans lived in a monastery for the younger years of his life until he was elevated to the title of Caesar. His father then sent him with the general Gerontius to Hispania...

, Roman usurper-emperor 409-411

VortigernVortigernVortigern , also spelled Vortiger and Vortigen, was a 5th-century warlord in Britain, a leading ruler among the Britons. His existence is considered likely, though information about him is shrouded in legend. He is said to have invited the Saxons to settle in Britain as mercenaries, only to see...

VortimerVortimerVortimer is a figure in British tradition, a son of the 5th-century Britonnic ruler Vortigern. He is remembered for his fierce opposition to his father's Saxon allies...

Germanus of AuxerreGermanus of AuxerreGermanus of Auxerre was a bishop of Auxerre in Gaul. He is a saint in both the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches, commemorated on July 31...

(378-448), Battle of AylesfordBattle of AylesfordThe Battle of Aylesford or Epsford or Aegelesthrep was, according to The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, fought in 455 AD between Saxon invaders and the native Romano-Britons near Aylesford in the English county of Kent....

(455)

Aurelius AmbrosiusAmbrosius AurelianusAmbrosius Aurelianus, ; called Aurelius Ambrosius in the Historia Regum Britanniae and elsewhere, was a war leader of the Romano-British who won an important battle against the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century, according to Gildas...

Uther PendragonUther PendragonUther Pendragon is a legendary king of sub-Roman Britain and the father of King Arthur.A few minor references to Uther appear in Old Welsh poems, but his biography was first written down by Geoffrey of Monmouth in his Historia Regum Britanniae , and Geoffrey's account of the character was used in...

ArthurKing ArthurKing Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defense of Britain against the Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated...

Battle of Mons BadonicusBattle of Mons BadonicusThe Battle of Mons Badonicus was a battle between a force of Britons and an Anglo-Saxon army, probably sometime between 490 and 517 AD. Though it is believed to have been a major political and military event, there is no certainty about its date or place...

, St. DubriciusDubriciusSaint Dubricius was a 6th century Briton ecclesiastic venerated as a saint. He was the and evangelist of Ergyng and much of South-East Wales.-Biography:Dubricius was born in Madley, now located in Herefordshire in England...

Constantine IIIConstantine III of BritainConstantine III was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He was the son of Cador of Cornwall, a relative of King Arthur. Constantine fought in the Battle of Camlann and was apparently one of the few survivors...

Aurelius ConanusAurelius ConanusAurelius Conanus is a legendary king of the Britons, according to Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia regum Britanniae, a fictional account of the rulers of Britain...

(2 years) Aurelius Caninus, 6th century king of GwentKingdom of Gwent...

or PowysKingdom of Powys...

VortiporiusVortiporiusVortiporius was a 6th century king or ruler of Dyfed in south-west Wales, an area roughly corresponding to the modern Pembrokeshire...

(4 years) VortiporiusVortiporiusVortiporius was a 6th century king or ruler of Dyfed in south-west Wales, an area roughly corresponding to the modern Pembrokeshire...

, 6th century king of DyfedKingdom of Dyfed...

MalgoMalgoMalgo was a legendary king of the Britons as accounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. He held little actual power, as the Anglo-Saxons had begun taking over Britain. Geoffrey's Malgo is equated with the historical ruler Maelgwn Gwynedd, who was by contrast a powerful king....

Maelgwn Hir ap CadwallonMaelgwn Hir ap CadwallonMaelgwn Gwynedd, more formally Maelgwn ap Cadwallon , also known as Maelgwn Hir , was an early king of Gwynedd and a character from Welsh mythology.The historical Maelgwn king of Gwynedd was one of the most prominent rulers of...

, 6th century king of GwyneddKingdom of GwyneddGwynedd is one of several Welsh successor states that emerged in 5th-century post-Roman Britain. It was based on the former Brythonic tribal lands of the Ordovices, Gangani, and the Deceangli which were collectively known as Venedotia in late Romano-British documents...

KeredicKeredicKeredic was a legendary king of the Britons, as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The origin of Geoffrey's character is unknown, but he is not depicted as a Saxon...

Interregnum; Saxons occupy England

CadvanCadfan ap IagoCadfan ap Iago was King of Gwynedd . Little is known of the history of Gwynedd from this period, and information about Cadfal and his reign is minimal....

Cadfan ap IagoCadfan ap IagoCadfan ap Iago was King of Gwynedd . Little is known of the history of Gwynedd from this period, and information about Cadfal and his reign is minimal....

, 6th/7th century king of Gwynedd

CadwalloCadwallon ap CadfanCadwallon ap Cadfan was the King of Gwynedd from around 625 until his death in battle. The son and successor of Cadfan ap Iago, he is best remembered as the King of the Britons who devastated Northumbria, defeating and killing its king, Edwin, prior to his own death in battle against Oswald of...

Cadwallon ap CadfanCadwallon ap CadfanCadwallon ap Cadfan was the King of Gwynedd from around 625 until his death in battle. The son and successor of Cadfan ap Iago, he is best remembered as the King of the Britons who devastated Northumbria, defeating and killing its king, Edwin, prior to his own death in battle against Oswald of...

, 7th century king of Gwynedd, d. 634

CadwalladerCadwaladrCadwaladr ap Cadwallon was King of Gwynedd . Two devastating plagues happened during his reign, one in 664 and the other in 682, with himself a victim of the second one. Little else is known of his reign...

(d. AD 689) Cadwaladr ap CadwallonCadwaladrCadwaladr ap Cadwallon was King of Gwynedd . Two devastating plagues happened during his reign, one in 664 and the other in 682, with himself a victim of the second one. Little else is known of his reign...

, 7th century king of Gwynedd

Aftermath

After the death of Cadwallader, the kings of the Brythons were reduced to such a small domain that they ceased to be kings of the whole Brythonic-speaking area. Two of his relatives, Yvor and Yni, led the exiles back from BrittanyBrittanyBrittany is a cultural and administrative region in the north-west of France. Brittany was previously a kingdom and then as a duchy it was a fief of the Kingdom of France. It was at one time called Less, Lesser or Little Britain...

, but were unable to re-establish a united kingship. The Anglo-SaxonAnglo-SaxonsAnglo-Saxons is the term usually used to describe the invading Germanic tribes in the south and east of Great Britain from the early 5th century AD, and their creation of the English nation, to the Norman conquest of 1066...

invaders ruled the south-eastern part of the island of Great BritainGreat BritainGreat Britain is an island lying to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 59.6 million people, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1000 smaller...

, which would become England, after that point in time under the BretwaldaBretwaldaBretwalda, also Brytenwalda, Bretenanwealda, is an Anglo-Saxon term, the first record of which comes from the late ninth century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. It is applied in that chronicle to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the fifth century onwards who had achieved overlordship over...

s and later the kings of England.

The heirs to the Celtic-British throne continued through the WelshWalesWales is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It is also an elective region of the European Union...

kings of Gwynedd until that line was forced to submit itself to the EnglishEnglandEngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...

in the 13th century. Princes and lords of Gwynedd ruled until the reign of Dafydd III, who ruled from 1282 to 1283. His death marked the end of the house of Brutus. Owen TudorOwen TudorOwen Meredith Tudor was a Welsh soldier and courtier, descended from a daughter of the Welsh prince Rhys ap Gruffudd, "The Lord Rhys"...

, grandfather of Henry VII of EnglandHenry VII of EnglandHenry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizing the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death on 21 April 1509, as the first monarch of the Tudor dynasty.Henry was successful in restoring the power and stability of the English monarchy after the political upheavals of the Wars...

, was a maternal descendant of the kings of Gwynedd; Henry's marriage with Elizabeth of YorkElizabeth of YorkElizabeth of York was the daughter, sister, niece, mother and wife of Kings of England. She was Queen of England as spouse of King Henry VII, whom she married in 1486.-Princess of England:...

thus signified the merging of the two royal houses (as well as the feuding houses of YorkHouse of YorkThe House of York was a branch of the English royal House of Plantagenet, three of whom became English kings in the late 15th century. The House of York was descended in the paternal line from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth surviving son of Edward III, but also represented Edward's...

and LancasterHouse of LancasterThe House of Lancaster was a branch of the royal House of Plantagenet. It was one of the opposing factions involved in the Wars of the Roses, an intermittent civil war which affected England and Wales during the 15th century...

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